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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Houston Geological Society Bulletin
Abstract
Abstract: Paleocave-
Reservoir
Networks:
their Origin and Recognition
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Many pore networks and permeability barriers in
carbonate reservoirs are the result of cave-forming
processes. The origin and recognition of fractures, breccias,
and sediment fills associated with paleocaves were determined
through the study of modem and paleocave systems.
Cave formation and destruction are the products of nearsurface
and burial processes. Near-surface processes include
solutional excavation, clastic and chemical sedimentation,
and collapse of cave walls and ceilings. Initial fracture,
breccia, and vug porosity develops during this stage. Cave
sediment may either be derived from inside and/or outside
the system. Depositional mechanisms
include suspension,
tractional, mass-flow, and rock-fall. Collapse of ceilings and
walls form chaotic breakdown breccia. These piles can be
tens of meters thick and contain large voids and variable
amounts of matrix. Breakdown clasts may fracture upon
impact forming crackled breakdown breccia. Subterranean
fluvial and mass-flow processes can rework breakdown to
form transported breakdown breccia deposits. Cave-roof
crackle breccia forms from stress- and tension-related
fractures in cave-roof strata.
As the cave-bearing strata subside into the subsurface, mechanical compaction increases and restructures the existing breccias and remaining cavities. Fracture porosity increases and breccia and vug porosity decrease. Large cavities collapse forming burial chaotic breakdown breccia. Differentially compacted strata over the collapsed chamber fracture and form burial cave-roof crackle breccia. Continued burial leads to more extensive mechanical compaction of the previously formed breakdown, thus causing clasts to fracture and pack closer together. The resulting product is a rebrecciated chaotic breakdown breccia composed predominantly of small clasts. Rebrecciated blocks are often overprinted by crackling. Subsurface paleocave systems commonly have a complex history with several episodes of fracturing and brecciation.
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