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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Houston Geological Society Bulletin
Abstract
Abstract:
Sequence
Stratigraphic and Facies Architecture of the Cotton Valley
Lime/Haynesville of the East Texas Salt Basin
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Recent advances in high-resolution sequence
stratigraphy of carbonate ramp systems
enhance our understanding of the
Upper Jurassic stratigraphy of the East
Texas Salt Basin (ETSB). The ETSB is enjoying
a revival via the recent Cotton Valley
Lime (CVL) "pinnacle reef' play. This
play complements the existing traditional
CVL/Haynesville "oolite shoal" play type.
Consideration of Gulf of Mexico (GOM)
regional Mesozoic
sequence
stratigraphy
and paleogeography aids in linking the two
play types together in an integrated
chronostratigraphic framework, thus providing
some predictive capability for reservoir
distribution and reservoir quality. Although
currently perceived as a 3-D seismic
play, regional
sequence
stratigraphic
analysis
assists greatly in locating favorable
trends and high-grading existing opportunities.
The Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy of the GOM consists of five major second-order (approximately 15 m yr duration) supersequences, defined as large regionally correlative, retro gradational- aggradational/progradational accomodation packages. Each exhibits systematic vertical/lateral stacking patterns of subordinate third-order sequences (1-3 myr duration) and component lateral/vertical facies and systems tracts. The five supersequences are: Supersequence 1 (SS 1) - Upper Bathonian to Lower Kimmeridgian (158.5 - 144 mya); SS 2 - Lower Kimmeridgian to Berriasian (144 - 128.5 mya); SS 3 - Upper Valanginian to Lower Aptian (128.5 - 112 mya); SS 4 - Lower Aptian to Upper Albian (112 - 98 mya); and SS 5 - Upper Albian to Santonian (98 - 84 mya).
The Upper Jurassic Smackover-Buckner- CVL-Bossier formational stratigraphy makes up part of SS 1 and SS 2. The Smackover represents the second-order, late transgressive systems tract (TST) and highstand systems tract (HST) of SS 1; the Buckner evaporite/red bed facies depicts latest HST conditions of SS 1 and lowstand systems tract (LST) development of SS 2. The Haynesville/Cotton Valley Lime paired ramp-shoal carbonate and offshore detached "pinnacle" facies marks the second-order TST of SS 2, and the overlying Bossier equates to the second-order interval of maximum flooding.
Within the above framework, Smackover-
Buckner carbonate-evaporite facies tracts
consist of several regionally correlative
third-order sequences (250-350 ft. thick on
average; 1 ma duration on average) that
systematically stack in a progradational
fashion throughout the ETSB. In detail,
each successive sequence
is thinner than the
underlying one, and each is progressively
enriched in "blocky" highstand carbonates,
plus proximal evaporite-red bed sequences.
The "144" ma supersequence boundary
marks a zone of minimum second-order
accomodation (a point of stratigraphic
"turnaround") and serves as a regional
stratigraphic datum useful for hanging
well
-
log
cross-sections. Above this horizon,
Haynesville/CVL sequences stack as a series
of retrogradational third-order sequences
(each approximately 50 to 150 ft.
thick; approx. 1 ma in duration). Each
sequence
contains an updip, proximal evaporite-
red bed facies, a ramp-margin "oolite
shoal" belt (traditional Haynesville reservoirs),
and a paired downdip "pinnacle
reef' facies stranded in the overall second-order
TST of SS 2. Regionally, several sequences
of third-order TST and ST are recognized,
and updip "oolite shoals" reservoirs
can be correlated directly with time-equivalent
"pinnacle reef" reservoirs, thus
casting light on mechanisms for porosity
development. The top of the CVL/Haynesville carbonate is a diachronous surface
characterized by appreciable depositional
topography, onlapped by the Bossier
shale along a
well
-documented submarine
condensed section. Little evidence exists for
a significant relative sea-level drop at this
surface.
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