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CSPG Bulletin

Abstract


Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology
Vol. 38A (1990), No. 1. (December), Pages 4-24

The Origin, History, and Regional Structural Development of the Peace River Arch, Western Canada

Shaun C. O'Connell, George R. Dix,, James E. Barclay,

ABSTRACT

The Peace River Arch in northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia is a cratonic uplift that was formed at a high angle to the passive margin during the Late Proterozoic. The Arch was an asymmetrical structure, with major uplift along an east-west-trending fault zone at its northern edge. The Arch structure overprinted the pre-existing Precambrian basement structure, and several Archean to Early Proterozoic fault zones may have been reactivated throughout the Phanerozoic, influencing the development of a number of structural and sedimentary features in the region.

During its history, the Peace River Arch has existed in three different forms: a Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic Arch, a late Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic Embayment, and as a deep basin component of a Mesozoic foreland basin. During the late Middle and Late Devonian, the emergent Arch landmass was progressively onlapped by siliciclastic, evaporitic and shallow marine carbonate sediments, and was buried by the end of that period. During the Early Carboniferous the Arch remained as an underlying high that caused the thinning of the initial Carboniferous formations over its crest. The maximum subsidence was to the north of the Arch, as it had been throughout the Devonian, and a series of embayments was formed in that region. The Arch remained as an essentially static high throughout the Devonian and most of the Early Carboniferous, although local tectonism related to regional basin development influenced local deposition.

During the Early Carboniferous a series of northeast-southwest-trending interlinked grabens and half-grabens were formed within the Peace River Embayment, overlying the crest of the Devonian Arch. These grabens indicate the onset of a period of local extension, possibly related to west coast orogenesis. Graben formation was largely syndepositional, and the structures persisted through to the Permian. A broad, gently subsiding Embayment was present in the region during the Triassic. During the development of the Jurassic and Cretaceous foreland basin, localized subsidence occurred in the Peace River region, and underlying structure, particularly the Early Carboniferous graben system, appears to have influenced Cretaceous basin configuration and facies distribution.

No firm conclusions can presently be drawn regarding the origin of the Peace River Arch, but several possibilities are suggested. The original Arch structure, at the Upper Proterozoic continental margin, was possibly formed by uplift related to the cratonward extension of an oceanic fracture zone. The extensional history of the Early Carboniferous graben complex, along with its orientation, which is perpendicular to the continental margin, its asymmetry, and its westward-widening geometry, suggest a possible origin in a failed rift setting. The arch-embayment related subsidence during the Cretaceous likely was caused by regional loading of the structure at the western margin.

RESUME

L'arche de Peace River dans le nord-ouest de l'Alberta et le nord-est de la Colombie britannique est un soulevement cratonique qui accusa un fort pendage par rapport a la marge passive durant le Paleozoique inferieur. L'arche est une structure asymetrique, avec un soulevement important le long d'une zone faillee orientee est-ouest et situee le long de sa marge septentrionale. La structure de l'arche fut surimprimee sur la structure preexistante du socle precambrien, et plusieurs zones faillee de l'Archeen au Proterozoique inferieur pourraient avoir ete reactivees durant tout le Phanerozoique, exercant une influence sur le developpement d'un certain nombre de traits structuraux et sedimentaires dans la region.

End_Page 4--------------------------

Durant son histoire, l'arche de Peace River exista sous trois formes differentes : une arche durant le Proterozoique inferieur jusqu'au Paleozoique inferieur, une baie durant le Paleozoique inferieur jusqu'au Mesozoique le plus ancien, et une composante d'eau profonde du bassin d'avant-pays du Mesozoique. Durant la partie tardive du Devonien moyen et le Devonien superieur, la terre ferme emergente de l'arche fut progressivement transgressee par des sediments siliciclastiques, evaporitiques et carbonates marins deposes en eau peu profonde, et ensevelie a la fin de cette periode. Durant le Carbonifere inferieur, l'arche demeura sous forme d'un dome sous-jacent qui fut la cause de l'amincissement des formations carboniferes deposees au debut sur sa crete. La subsidence maximum fut au nord de l'arche, comme cela avait ete le cas durant tout le Devonien, et une serie de baies se forma dans cette region. L'arche demeura un dome essentiellement statique durant tout le Devonien et la majeure partie du Carbonifere inferieur, quoique l'activite tectonique locale reliee a la formation du bassin regional influa sur la sedimentation locale.

Durant le Carbonifere inferieur une serie de grabens et de demi-grabens, orientes nord-est/sud-ouest et relies entre eux, se formerent a l'interieur de la baie de Peace River, sur-jacente a la crete de l'arche devonienne. Ces grabens indiquent le debut d'une periode d'extension locale, peut-etre reliee a l'orogenese sur la cote ouest. La formation de grabens fut dans une large mesure synsedimentaire, et les structures persisterent durant tout le Permien. Une grande baie, s'affaissant doucement, etait presente durant le Triassique. Durant la formation du bassin d'avant-pays du Jurassique et du Cretace, une subsidence locale se produisit dans la region de Peace River, et la structure sous-jacente, en particulier le systeme de grabens du Carbonifere inferieur, semble avoir influence la configuration des bassins et la distribution des facies durant le Cretace.

Aucunes conclusions fermes ne peuvent presentement etre tirees concernant l'origine de l'arche de Peace River, mais plusieurs possibilites sont proposees. La structure originale de l'arche, a la marge continentale du Proterozoique superieur, fut peut-etre formee par un soluevement relie au prolongement, en direction du craton, d'une zone transformante. L'histoire de l'extention du complexe de graben du Carbonifere inferieur, ainsi que son orientation, qui est perpendiculaire a la marge continentale, son assymetrie, et sa forme qui s'elargit vers l'ouest, suggerent toutes une origine de fosse d'effondrement qui echoua. La subsidence reliee a l'arche et a la baie durant le Cretace fut tout probablement cause par le chargement regional de la structure a sa marge occidentale.

Traduit par Marc Charest


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