ABSTRACT

The importance of environmental impact assessments, possible litigation, and the need for cost effective remediation treatment-options have focused attention on sampling and analysis strategies for delineating petroleum-contaminated soils and groundwater.

Sampling and analytical strategies were evaluated for studies conducted to characterize surface and subsurface contaminants arising from gasoline, diesel, lubrication oil, and jet fuel. Salient points of concern are discussed pertaining to: 1) correct sampling equipment and containers; 2) recommended use of field blanks and laboratory blanks; 3) impact of holding times and sample preparation; 4) proper standard operating procedures; and 5) integrated approach to sample analysis.

Areas of relevance to treatment-options are evaluated for: 1) indicator compounds, primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzone, and xylene (BTEX), and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); 2) enhanced volatilization; 3) bioremediation; and 4) screening of contaminants with hydrocarbons above C₃₀.

Case studies are discussed to highlight appropriate application of data pertaining to oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons, total purgeables, dissolved gases, gas chromatography scans, and mass spectrometry confirmations.

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