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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Indonesian Petroleum Association
Abstract
An Interpreter's Guide to Improvements in Depth Imaging Through Model-Based
Velocity
Estimation and Refinement
Abstract
The advent of velocity
-sensitive depth imaging techniques such as pre-stack depth
migration
has created a demand for more accuracy in
velocity
model building. Traditional methods that use seismic processing velocities are limited by the many assumptions inherent in the Dix formula and the distortion caused by complex ray paths. Techniques based on model ray-tracing allow more accurate estimates of interval
velocity
to be made, which, when constrained by an interpreter's geological knowledge of an area, have the ability to produce superior
velocity
models for depth conversion or prestack depth
migration
.
The role of the interpreter in any depth imaging project is often understated because of a lack of understanding of velocity
modelling and depth imaging techniques. The purpose of this paper is to introduce some of these concepts to interpreters in an attempt to promote more active involvement in
velocity
modelling projects and for them to not simply rely on the processing experts to build geologically consistent
velocity
models.
Velocity
estimation techniques such as stacking
velocity
inversion and coherency inversion are equally applicable to depth conversion projects as they are to pre-stack depth
migration
. Coupled with map
migration
techniques, these methods allow the interpreter to reduce the uncertainty of conventional depth conversion and ultimately reduce the geological risk of prospects.
Pre-stack depth migration
and tomographic model refinements are an essential and powerful tool to produce the optimum seismic data quality. These methods are described to give the explorationist a practical understanding of the workflows involved in depth imaging.
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