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Abstract
Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section
A: Sedimentary Petrology and Processes
Vol. 67 (1997)No.
1. (January), Pages 26-35
Compaction and Decompaction Algorithms for Sedimentary Carbonates
R. K. Goldhammer
ABSTRACT
The mechanical compaction behavior of shallow marine carbonate sediments
has been investigated to develop carbonate compaction algorithms and decompaction
curves that can be used in stratigraphic restoration, backstripping analyses,
and quantitative models for simulation of carbonate stratigraphy. Deep-water
chalks and calcareous oozes are not treated here. Empirical porosity-depth
data for carbonate sediments have been compiled and compared with experimentally
derived compaction curves to derive appropriate porosity-depth curves for
shallow-water carbonate muds and sands. The curves are exponential in form.
This review indicates that mud-rich shallow marine carbonates behave
differently than sand-rich, grain-supported sediments with regard to reduction
in porosity and thickness. Quantitative analysis of compaction behavior
in carbonate sediments reveals that, barring early cementation, carbonate
muds suffer significant thickness reduction early in their burial history
and at shallow depths, e.g., 50% thickness reduction with about 150-200
m overburden. However, primary porosities of carbonate muds, approximately
70-80%, are reduced only to about 42% under that overburden. Thus, the
potential exists for significant retention of primary porosity in carbonate
muds in the form of microporosity. This indicates that interparticle cementation,
with or without chemical compaction, is required to transform muddy carbonate
sediments into lithified rock. In the absence of early lithification, carbonate
sands compact more slowly than muds. Primary interparticle porosities of
about 40-45% can be maintained in the first 200-300 m of burial, with little
thickness reduction.
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